Various solid-state semiconductor components such as diodes

After the invention and mass production of transistors, various solid-state semiconductor components such as diodes and transistors were widely used, replacing the functions and roles of vacuum tubes in circuits. In the mid to late 20th century, advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology made integrated circuits possible. Compared to manually assembling circuits using individual discrete electronic components, integrated circuits can integrate a large number of microcrystalline transistors into a small chip, which is a huge advancement. The scale production capacity, reliability, and modular approach to circuit design of integrated circuits ensure the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits instead of using discrete transistors in design; Discrete transistor.